{"id":316656,"date":"2021-05-09T11:49:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-09T08:49:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/?p=316656"},"modified":"2021-06-15T01:48:43","modified_gmt":"2021-06-14T22:48:43","slug":"what-is-dystopia-history-signs-examples-in-simple-words-utopia-or-dystopia-who-is-right-thomas-more-or-george-orwell","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/what-is-dystopia-history-signs-examples-in-simple-words-utopia-or-dystopia-who-is-right-thomas-more-or-george-orwell\/","title":{"rendered":"What is dystopia: history, signs, examples (in simple words). Utopia or dystopia? Who is right: Thomas More or George Orwell?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>Definition of concepts.<\/h2>\n<p>In fact, to understand the original meanings of the terms &#8220;utopia&#8221; and &#8220;dystopia,&#8221; you need to look at their English versions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Utopia<\/strong> takes its roots from two Greek words &#8211; ou (no) + topos (place), that is, &#8220;non-existent place&#8221;, about which one can only dream.<\/p>\n<p>One of the visualized representations of utopia<\/p>\n<p>Everyone has their own utopia, and the atmosphere and atmosphere of this fictional world depends only on what a person considers to be the most comfortable and ideal place for himself. There is only one condition &#8211; this place is too good to be real.<\/p>\n<p>There is also a version that the first part is not ou, but also the Greek eu (good, good).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Dystopia<\/strong> is composed of the Greek Dys (bad) and topos (place), from which we get the meaning of &#8220;bad place&#8221;.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p>The ubiquitous bots with &#8220;eyes&#8221; are a widely used image of dystopia<\/p>\n<p>Dystopia is not comfortable, pleasant and not suitable for a happy life.<\/p>\n<h2>What to read?<\/h2>\n<p>From dystopian works:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>We<\/strong> &#8220;, Evgeny Zamyatin<\/li>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>Slaughterhouse-Five, or The Children's Crusade<\/strong> &#8220;, Kurt Vonnegut<\/li>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>Brave New World<\/strong> &#8221; by Aldous Huxley<\/li>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>1984<\/strong> &#8221; by George Orwell<\/li>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>Fahrenheit 451<\/strong> ,&#8221; Ray Bradbury<\/li>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>A Clockwork Orange<\/strong> &#8221; by Anthony Burgess<\/li>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>The Handmaid's Tale<\/strong> &#8221; by Margaret Atwood<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>This list can be called a classic set, and anyone who is fond of such novels is probably familiar with it.<\/p>\n<p>Utopian romances tend to include a dystopian dose as well. The place is so perfect that it scares and surprises the layman a little. An interesting plot is built on contrasts. So, the recommended list of utopian works:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>The Island<\/strong> &#8220;, Aldous Huxley<\/li>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>The Glass Bead Game<\/strong> &#8220;, Hermann Hesse<\/li>\n<li>&#8221; <strong>State<\/strong> &#8220;, Plato<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2>You can also explore these worlds more clearly in movies or TV shows.<\/h2>\n<p>Dystopian TV shows and movies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Black Mirror<\/strong> (TV series)<\/li>\n<li><strong>People<\/strong> (TV series)<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Handmaid's Tale<\/strong> (new series, 1990 film, 1985 book)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>film adaptations of all the works listed above.<\/p>\n<p>Utopian TV shows and movies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mr. Nobody<\/strong> (film)<\/li>\n<li><strong>In a better world<\/strong> (TV series)<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pleasantville<\/strong> (film)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>On the request &#8220;Films about Utopia&#8221; in search engines you will find voluminous lists, but I have indicated exactly those films where the heroes are in good places and they are not particularly scared, they do not want to break this system (well, or they do it not on purpose \ud83d\ude42 ).<\/p>\n<h3>List of the best and most famous utopian books<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;City of the Sun&#8221;, Italian philosopher Tommaso Campanella, 1623<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;New Atlantis&#8221;, Angian philosopher Francis Bacon, 1627<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;States and Empires of the Moon&#8221;, French playwright, philosopher Cyrano de Bergerac, 1657<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;History of the Sevarambs&#8221;, French thinker Denis Veras, 1677-1679<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Golden Age&#8221;, American thinker, writer Edward Bellamy, 1888<\/li>\n<li>From Nowhere, English writer and publisher William Morris, 1890<\/li>\n<li>The Golden Bottle, American politician, writer, 1892<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;The Andromeda Nebula&#8221;, Soviet science fiction writer Ivan Efremov, 1957<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Noon, XXII century (Return)&#8221;, Soviet science fiction writers Strugatsky brothers, 1962<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Commune in 2000&#8221;, &#8220;Towers of Utopia&#8221;, &#8220;After Utopia&#8221;, American science fiction writer Mac Reynolds, 1974-1977<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>The literary genre &#8220;dystopia&#8221; is a story about a society where everything is bad: ecology, government, people's lives. Usually totalitarianism, natural disasters, wars, human vices are called the cause of this misfortune.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The term &#8220;dystopia&#8221; has several authors, it was first voiced by the English economist John Stuart Mill, speaking in 1868 in the House of Commons, in 1952 by Glenn Negley and Max Patrick in the book &#8220;In Search of Utopia&#8221; they called it a literary genre. The first dystopia is considered, although not by all, the novel by Russian writer Yevgeny Zamyatin &#8220;We&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>List of the best and most famous dystopian books<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>&#8220;We&#8221;, Russian writer E, Zamyatin, 1920<\/li>\n<li>This Brave New World, English writer O. Huxley, 1932<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;1984&#8221; by the English writer J. Orwell, 1949<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Darkness at noon&#8221; (&#8220;blinding darkness&#8221;) by the English writer A. Koestler, 1940<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Lord of the Flies&#8221; by the English writer W. Golding, 1954<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;The myth of the car&#8221; (2 volumes), American sociologist L. Mumford, 1967-1970<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Moscow 2042&#8221;, Soviet writer V. Voinovich, 1986<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;The Giver&#8221;, American writer L. Lowry, 1993<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>What is the difference between utopia and dystopia?<\/h3>\n<p><strong>&#8211;<\/strong> The difference between utopia and dystopia is that everything is good in the first, everything is bad in the second<br \/>\n<strong>&#8211;<\/strong> In utopia, everyone lives the way they want, but they want to live according to the law, freely and correctly, in a dystopia everyone lives according to the rules established by someone. then, that is, not free, within a certain framework.<br \/>\n<strong>&#8211;<\/strong> Utopia is a hymn to a person who is aware of his responsibility to himself and his neighbors, dystopia is a description of a society with absolute distrust of a person as a person<br \/>\n<strong>&#8211;<\/strong> Utopia insists that a person is a rational being, and he is able to build a perfect world with the help of the development of science and technology, socio-economic transformations, revolutions, dystopia claims that a person is deeply vicious, that the good intentions of some meet the resistance of others, that revolutions are meaningless, and social evil is eternal<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p><code>\u0413\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043c\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0430 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438, \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0439, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0434\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b. \u041c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435. \u041c\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u2014 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e; \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u0414\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044e; \u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u2014 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430. \u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/code> (George Orwell &#8220;1984&#8221;)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p><strong>Utopia speaks of the positive features of the society described in the work, dystopia reveals its negative features and warns readers about them<\/strong><\/p>\n<h3>Why read a dystopia?<\/h3>\n<p>I am not a fan of the genre, BUT I believe that at least one of the books presented above should be read by everyone. Why do this?<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>To understand if we live in the world described by the writer. The rational world is boring &#8211; this is how it is presented in Zamyatin's novel &#8220;We,&#8221; but also a chaotic world, a state in which everything is permitted, is no better (two extremes are presented in Huxley's Brave New World, whose main characters live for pleasure) &#8230; Writers try to find a middle ground and encourage the reader to think, look back at their own world and understand how to behave in order to never admit what happened in the book.<\/li>\n<li>To learn not just to read, but to think, reflect (perhaps it will not do without criticism and even rejection of what has been written).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>How to read dystopian novels<\/h3>\n<p>Note that if you are not a big fan of history, then dystopian novels (apart from, perhaps, &#8220;Brave New World&#8221; and &#8220;Fahrenheit 451&#8221;) you will not fully understand.<\/p>\n<p>That's the problem:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>J. Oruel and Zamyatin wrote their works, trying to imagine what will happen to a totalitarian society in the future. Naturally, the USSR was taken as an example of such a totalitarian society.<\/li>\n<li>Ayn Rand wrote her novel under the negative impression of the &#8220;Great Depression&#8221; in the United States of the late 1920s and personal experiences that arose after the actual flight from post-revolutionary Russia (she praises the dollar, capital and private property for a reason).<\/li>\n<li>F. Dick fantasizes about what would have happened if the Nazis had won the Second World War, what society could have been if Hitler had succeeded in capturing Great Britain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>It is also useful to know the current situation in the world. Why do you ask? It's even simpler &#8211; many of the works turned out to be surprisingly prophetic. Having carefully studied them, you understand that you continue to live in the same totalitarian world, where capital is more important than human life, and people who are consumers of goods and work exclusively for the next pleasure. And our world has its own &#8220;Big Brother&#8221;, its &#8220;Benefactor&#8221; and its own hog in the pigsty, which runs the life of everyone. And I, like the heroine Ayn Rand, would like to ask: &#8220;Who is John Gault?&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>Is there a golden mean between everyone's control over everyone and individuality? In my opinion, dystopias are extremely relevant for the modern reader, since everywhere we are called to be &#8220;individual&#8221;, &#8220;creative&#8221;, &#8220;special personalities&#8221;. It is not easy to understand this stream of personalities, but it may become easier after reading the dystopia)<\/p>\n<p>Reading dystopias should be dosed, I took the first 2 months between novels, Ayn Rand was the hardest, because the work is voluminous, partly listened to it, and partly read it.<\/p>\n<h2>Dystopia in classical literature &#8211; who was the first<\/h2>\n<p>One of the first literary dystopias can be considered the work &#8220;Leviathan&#8221; by the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes, published in 1651. This work is devoted to the problems of the state. So, Leviathan is the name of the biblical monster, which is a force of nature that belittles man and his dignity. The author uses the image of a leviathan to characterize a powerful state that suppresses its citizens. Thomas Hobbes considers absolute power to be the only possible way to ensure peace and order, otherwise the state could be swallowed up by the monster of rebellion.<\/p>\n<p>The dystopian genre is clearly visible in the satirical works of Swift, Voltaire, Butler, Chesterton, Saltykov-Shchedrin. However, the works that appeared at the beginning of the twentieth century can be called real dystopias. The events taking place at this time, globalization and the emergence of somewhat utopian trends and regimes, for example, the communist in the USSR and the National Socialist in Germany, forced the authors to turn to the genre of dystopia.<\/p>\n<h3>Main features<\/h3>\n<p>In order to determine whether a particular work belongs to the genre of dystopia, you should know its main features:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>First, there is a complete lack of individuality. People are perceived as a homogeneous gray mass, robots or cogs of a mechanism.<\/li>\n<li>Secondly, the lack of personal space, total control over all spheres of society by the state.<\/li>\n<li>Thirdly, the postulate that the highest benefactor on Earth is the ruling power.<\/li>\n<li>Fourth, the collapse of all human values: the prohibition of spiritual love, the incompatibility of happiness and freedom.<\/li>\n<li>Fifth, society is losing the ability to think and imagine freely, since the authorities consider this to be the main obstacle to happiness.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>Views<\/h3>\n<p>Dystopia is an extremely dynamic genre, because the social problems and crises that inevitably occur in the world serve as a powerful source of inspiration for creative people and give birth to new species.<\/p>\n<p>Today, there are several main types of dystopia, namely:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Social (E. Zamyatin &#8220;We&#8221;, M. Bulgakov &#8220;Master and Margarita&#8221;, A. Platonov &#8220;Pit&#8221; and &#8220;Chevengur&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>Scientific (M. Bulgakov &#8220;Fatal eggs&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>Allegorical (M. Bulgakov &#8220;Heart of a Dog&#8221;, F. Iskander &#8220;Rabbits and boas&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>Historical (V. Aksenov &#8220;Crimea Island&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>Parody (V. Voinovich &#8220;Moscow 2042&#8221;, Lao She &#8220;Notes on the cat city&#8221;);<\/li>\n<li>Novel warning (P. Boole &#8220;Planet of the Apes&#8221;, Wells &#8220;War in the Air&#8221;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Of course, this direction is not limited to this classification, since in one work there can be elements of two, and sometimes even more, types at once. Dystopia is subdivided not only by the place and nature of the disaster, but also by its audience, for example, there is a teenage dystopia.<\/p>\n<h2>History of the term<\/h2>\n<p>A few decades before the first appearance of the term &#8220;dystopia&#8221; in a similar meaning, the concept of &#8220;kakotopia&#8221; was used, which translated from ancient Greek means &#8220;bad&#8221;, &#8220;evil&#8221;. For the first time this term was used by the English philosopher Jeremiah Bentham in 1818, but was later supplanted by the concept of &#8220;dystopia&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>The term &#8220;dystopia&#8221;, as the name of a literary genre, was coined by Glenn Negley and Max Patrick in their book In Search of Utopia. The name &#8220;dystopia&#8221; appeared as an opposition to the word &#8220;utopia&#8221;, which at one time was introduced by Thomas More. In his book Utopia, written in 1516, he described a state with a perfectly ideal system.<\/p>\n<h2>The first dystopist of Russia<\/h2>\n<p>In Russia, at the end of the 18th century, the writer Mikhail Matveyevich Kheraskov became the creator of dystopia in its modern function and form. In his novel Cadmus and Harmony, the sage Gifan, communicating with Cadmus, describes how a state based on utopian ideas is able to evolve towards its opposite.<\/p>\n<p>Interesting and surprising features of dystopia are also traced in the inserted parable of Fyodor Dostoevsky from his novel The Brothers Karamazov &#8211; The Grand Inquisitor. Thoughts, ideas and artistic images, expressed in this work, anticipate the famous dystopias of the twentieth century.<\/p>\n<p>There are many dystopian writers in Soviet Russia. This, for example, Mikhail Bulgakov with his works &#8220;Heart of a Dog&#8221; and &#8220;Fatal Eggs&#8221;, which talk about the harmful influence of the excessive development of science on the life and fate of people. This is Evgeny Zamyatin and his novel &#8220;We&#8221;, written in 1920, in which he describes a society where people completely obey the system, they are turned into a kind of &#8220;cogs&#8221;, and even a personal name becomes a number. These are Mikhail Kozyrev with the work &#8220;Leningrad&#8221; and Andrei Platonov with the novels &#8220;Chevengur&#8221; and &#8220;The Foundation Pit&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h2>Dystopia as a literary genre in Europe<\/h2>\n<p>One of the brightest foreign authors &#8211; dystopists &#8211; is, of course, the American writer Ray Bradbury with his famous works: &#8220;Fahrenheit 451&#8221; and &#8220;The Martian Chronicles&#8221;, in which he describes not a cloudless future for mankind, but a catastrophe of evolution and social development &#8230; Ray Bradbury condemns the stupidity and immorality of the next generations, condemns the inability to preserve and value the past, criticizes the frantic desire for universal destruction.<\/p>\n<p>Also, one cannot fail to note the dystopian works of the English science fiction writer Herbert Wells, such as, for example, The War of the Worlds, The Invisible Man and The Time Machine. The author shows what sad pictures we can observe in the distant future, and what the progress of civilization will eventually lead to. Inhuman variants of the development of capitalism are portrayed by Jack London in the novel &#8220;Iron Heel&#8221;, written in 1907, and Claude Farrer in the novel &#8220;Condemned to Death&#8221; in 1920.<\/p>\n<h2>A Clockwork Orange is a 60s dystopian bestseller<\/h2>\n<p>When Stanley Kubrick's 1971 film based on Anthony Burgess's novel A Clockwork Orange was released, the dystopian genre began to triumphantly into cinema. The plot is based on a story on behalf of the main character Alex, who at the age of 15 goes to prison after a series of crimes. A teenager is the leader of a street gang, the only entertainment for young men is robbery, beating passers-by, rape and bullying all who cannot withstand brute force.<\/p>\n<p>Above the fiery constellations,<br \/>\nBrother, make a cruel feast,<br \/>\nKill everyone who is weak and sire,<br \/>\nTo everyone by morder &#8211; this is retribution!<br \/>\nKick in the ass voniutshi world!<\/p>\n<p>(&#8220;A Clockwork Orange&#8221; translation by Vladimirovich Borisovich Boshnyak)<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/post-298421-607d713b3401c.jpg\" alt=\"What is dystopia: history, signs, examples (in simple words). Utopia or dystopia? Who is right: Thomas More or George Orwell?\" \/>In prison, Alex agrees to a brainwashing experiment, when a person's ability to do evil is taken away and a few years later the former killer takes to the streets of his city. And now he, experiencing a pathological hatred of violence, becomes a victim of his yesterday's victims, who seek to take revenge on the teenager in any way.<\/p>\n<p>There is no point in retelling the book, the novel is written so soulfully that it leaves no one indifferent even today. After the release of the film, many called Kubrick's &#8220;A Clockwork Orange&#8221; horror on the screen, while others enthusiastically accepted the on-screen production. It was after the release of the film that rebellious youth fandoms of the genre began to appear in Europe and America, the rock group KISS used the costumes of Alex and his cronies for the stage, as a symbol of such a musical genre as civil punk rock.<\/p>\n<h2>Fandom dystopias &#8211; where to find them<\/h2>\n<p>In simple terms, Fandom is a modern term for a group of fans or adherents of a book, musical group, sports, etc. In the case of our topic, dystopia fandom is the adherents of the genre who have their own clubs, publish their own magazines, often Fandom can be a separate subculture with its own slang, style of clothing.<\/p>\n<p>For the first time, the term was used at the beginning of the 20th century, according to the Oxford dictionary, this word was used to refer to connoisseurs and fans of sports, which began to actively develop in certain disciplines. By the 70s, &#8220;fandom&#8221; expanded its boundaries, the term began to be used among rock music and fans of individual films and books.<\/p>\n<p>Widely known for the Black Squad fandom. This is the title of Glan Cook's fantasy trilogy, which describes the thrilling fantasy adventures of the Black Squad in his fantasy novels. The same can be said about the Lord of the Rings fandom or the Star Trek show. It was in the fandom environment that such a direction of creativity as fan fiction developed.<\/p>\n<h2>Examples of<\/h2>\n<p>For clarity, we have compiled a list of books that will help you independently understand all the intricacies of this genre. If you haven't found what you were looking for, we recommend that you look at the selection, where there are over 20 dystopias of different types and styles.<\/p>\n<h3>Notable<\/h3>\n<p>The most famous dystopias are such works as &#8220;Brave New World&#8221; by O. Huxley and &#8220;1984&#8221; by D. Orwell. Both works are built almost the same &#8211; a new state, subordinate to one &#8220;God&#8221;, society is divided into castes, and there are no moral values, principles and cultural traditions. Also important here is the existence of a love line, which, in fact, moves the hero in the fight against the regime.<\/p>\n<h3>Modern<\/h3>\n<p>As for the present, our generation already considers such dystopias as Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury, Kys by T. Tolstoy and Generation P by V. Pelevin as classics.<\/p>\n<p>All three works are built on a more or less the same plot, but, for example, Pelevin's dystopia is more satirical than the other two, although it is not much inferior in this to Tolstoy, whose work is distinguished by a slight bias towards something very fantastic or even mystical.<\/p>\n<h3>Russians<\/h3>\n<p>Evgeny Zamyatin is known to everyone from domestic dystopias from school, and his novel &#8220;We&#8221; is usually loved by high school students for its non-conformist spirit and innovation of style. This is the most famous example of a Russian-speaking dystopia.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The story of one city&#8221; by M. Saltykov-Shchedrin is also a kind of dystopia, although for some it will probably be a revelation. But, despite its originality, dystopian meanings are still preserved in this work, and the city of Foolov is so similar to the world of Huxley or Pelevin's &#8220;Generation of Pepsi&#8221;.<\/p>\n<p>Platonov's &#8220;foundation pit&#8221; resembles a satire directed at the Soviet regime, a regime that restricts people literally in everything and tries to level society in poverty and lawlessness, literally &#8220;walking&#8221; over the corpses of those who dared to distinguish themselves in something.<\/p>\n<h3>Satirical and political<\/h3>\n<p>Of course, what is a dystopia without political and satirical overtones? All of the above works, one way or another, contain political satire, but &#8220;Animal Farm&#8221; by D. Orwell literally screams about it with all its content.<\/p>\n<p>Viktor Pelevin also distinguished himself with satire on politics in his works &#8220;Omon Ra&#8221; and &#8220;SNUFF&#8221;, where an inquisitive reader can see many allusions to Soviet and Russian realities.<\/p>\n<h3>Social<\/h3>\n<p>Social dystopias include the Strugatskys' Roadside Picnic, where there is a quite ordinary plot in which the main character unfolds as he reads through various life obstacles with an admixture of alien themes and fantastic influences.<\/p>\n<p>Also, the social aspects of technocracy were described by Kurt Vonnegut in the work &#8220;Cat's Cradle&#8221;.<\/p>\n<h3>Scientific<\/h3>\n<p>But H. Wells' novel &#8220;The War of the Worlds&#8221; is more familiar to the audience from the movie starring Tom Cruise. This novel belongs to a scientific dystopia, where there is a confrontation between people and machines &#8211; the most popular motive of modern bestsellers and movies.<\/p>\n<p>In addition, the incomparable Kurt Vonnegut wrote Utopia 14, which will appeal to supporters of the mechanization of human labor.<\/p>\n<h3>Youth<\/h3>\n<p>It is worth highlighting a special type of dystopia, the so-called &#8220;teenage&#8221;, whose target audience mainly consists of young people who, perhaps, are already fed up with the hackneyed plots of these same dystopian novels. These include teenage dystopias &#8220;Lord of the Flies&#8221; by W. Golding and &#8220;A Clockwork Orange&#8221; by E. Burgess. The first attracts with the mystery of a desert island and adolescents who find themselves on it (a win-win option for any work or film), and the second, perhaps, with its swagger and absurdity.<\/p>\n<p>The work of the Chinese writer Lao She &#8220;Notes on the Cat's City&#8221;, which is close, in fact, to &#8220;The History of a City&#8221; by Saltykov-Shchedrin, is the most witty of our list and is not devoid of oriental flavor.<\/p>\n<h2>TOP 10 best dystopias<\/h2>\n<p>There are so many books in this genre, they are so different that it can be really difficult to choose the literature to your liking. The article will help you learn about the main representatives of the genre.<\/p>\n<p>So, the 10 most popular dystopian books:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>1984 by George Orwell<\/li>\n<li>Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury<\/li>\n<li>Brave New World by Aldous Huxley<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;We&#8221; Evgeny Zamyatin<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Don't Let Me Go&#8221; by Kazuo Ishiguro<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Snail on the Slope&#8221; by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky<\/li>\n<li>Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand<\/li>\n<li>The Hunger Games by Susan Collins<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;Disassembled&#8221; by Neil Shusterman<\/li>\n<li>&#8220;When the Sleeper Wakes&#8221; by H.G. Wells<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>1984 by George Orwell<\/h3>\n<p>Probably the most famous dystopia. This is a novel about a totalitarian world in which almost our entire planet is divided between three superpowers: Oceania, Eurasia and Eastasia. Each of them has its own state ideology.<br \/>\nThe events of the book are set in Oceania. People here have no rights, no individuality. The country has a flourishing bureaucracy, everyone lives in poverty. Love in this world is a crime. And everyone is watched by Big Brother &#8211; the leader of the state. At the same time, it is impossible to understand whether he really exists or is it just an image that is used for propaganda.<br \/>\nThis novel is scary, with every page it gets darker and harder to read. But it is impossible to stop, as well as to forget.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>frightening and realistic world;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>oppressive plot;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>the book makes you think.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>it will be difficult for an impressionable person to read a novel.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>The world of absolute totalitarianism. A future where there is no hope for the future. The past that changes every second. And a terrible present, without love and happiness. The piece definitely leaves an imprint in the memory.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Fahrenheit 451 by Ray Bradbury<\/h3>\n<p>This is a novel about a future in which people are not allowed to read books. Moreover, they are destroyed as the most dangerous weapon. After all, it is books that make people think, and not just live, work and have fun.<br \/>\nThe main character of the work is a firefighter. True, here the meaning of this profession is distorted. Its main task is to burn houses in which books were found.<br \/>\nThis short story takes you into a world that seems so similar to ours. It is full of advertisements, gadgets, entertainment and unnecessary information.<br \/>\nA world where books have no place, not only because they are burned, but also because they are not read.<br \/>\nThe work will make the reader think about where our society is heading.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>immersion in the inner world of the protagonist;<\/li>\n<li>wonderful plot;<\/li>\n<li>the book is easy and quick to read;<\/li>\n<li>the work is still relevant 70 years later.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Great! The novel so accurately conveys the consumer society that goosebumps run down the skin. After reading, you involuntarily look back at everything that happens in the world, where everything is decided for you, where everyone who gets out of the crowd becomes dangerous &#8230;<br \/>\nOne of the incomparable creations of Ray Bradbury.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Brave New World by Aldous Huxley<\/h3>\n<p>We are in the distant future. There are no more borders here, there is only one single state. In the society the author talks about, there is no love, no marriage. Children are grown artificially, and their future business and standard of living are predetermined in advance. Medicine has reached such heights that people do not get sick at all, they age slowly and die beautiful and full of strength. They also take drugs to forget about anxiety.<br \/>\nIt is into such a world that a young man who was born in a natural way, who is so unlike people living in the new world, finds himself. They have no self-awareness, no individuality, and they are happy. And this is very frightening.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>wonderful plot;<\/li>\n<li>the book is easy to read;<\/li>\n<li>a work well ahead of its time.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A truly powerful piece, striking, shocking. This is an eerie world where there is a semblance of freedom of choice and desire, but all this is deeply imposed and programmed. And the worst thing is that all this may well be in reality.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>&#8220;We&#8221; Evgeny Zamyatin<\/h3>\n<p>Zamyatin shows life in the One State behind the Green Wall. Here people have no names, only numbers, identical apartments with glass walls, no affection and love, and children are raised by robots. Everything that can be addictive is forbidden in this world, so people do not smoke or drink, they do everything according to the clock and in the same way, and they are satisfied with such a life.<br \/>\nThe novel is written in the form of a diary of the protagonist, whose name is D-503. He is a mathematician and writes not for himself, but to send notes on a spaceship, to tell how good life is on Earth, to the inhabitants of other planets.<br \/>\nThe reader observes life in this world of the future not from the outside, he looks at it from the inside.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>great plot;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>beautifully written work;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>narration from the person of the character.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>for many, this novel is difficult to read.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>What remains when freedom, privacy, work is controlled by the state and cannot be resisted? This is what Zamyatin is talking about. I was impressed and hope that our world will never become the same as in this book.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Don't Let Me Go, Kazuo Ishiguro<\/h3>\n<p>A modern novel in which the reader finds himself not in the future, but in an alternative past. The author describes the UK of the 20th century and a mysterious isolated boarding school, which seems to be bringing up ordinary children. Educators seriously prepare them for the future, zealously monitor the health of the wards, but it is not immediately clear what exactly awaits the children ahead and how they got here.<br \/>\nThe reader observes the main character of the book, who recalls her childhood in a boarding school, the truth that she learned and life after that.<br \/>\nThis is a sad story about friendship, love and a possible future.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>poignant and frightening story;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>characters you empathize with;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>gradual disclosure of the essence of the work.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>some understatement.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>&#8220;Don't Let Me Go&#8221; by Kazuo Ishiguro is a very powerful novel that left after reading not just a residue of mixed feelings, but a huge amount of thoughts and impressions. It refers precisely to those books that once you read, you will not forget.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>&#8220;Snail on the Slope&#8221; by Arkady and Boris Strugatsky<\/h3>\n<p>The novel consists of two parts, which are linked by the Forest.<br \/>\nIn the first story, the reader, together with a philologist who has just arrived at the place of work, learns about the absurd and strange events that take place in the &#8220;Office of Forest Affairs&#8221; and the duties of its employees. He dreams of getting into the Forest.<br \/>\nThe second part of the novel tells the story of a researcher who has lost his memory and now lives among the natives in the Forest. He tries to get out, return to his past life, but no one strives to help him.<br \/>\nThis book will make you think, come back again and again to its events, scroll through them in your head. From those works that are difficult to comprehend after the first reading.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>deep work;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>easy syllable of the authors;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>beautiful satire.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>the book may seem confusing and incomprehensible.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>In this book, the feeling of hopelessness is incredibly conveyed, which makes you immerse yourself in what is happening with your head.<br \/>\nDescription of the Forest, description of the Office &#8211; you can undoubtedly see modern society in everything.<br \/>\nI definitely liked the book. I recommend everyone to read it.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>Atlas Shrugged by Ayn Rand<\/h3>\n<p>The author sends readers to the USA, where the government oppresses business and gets rid of entrepreneurs and people who are active and creative. The main characters of the novel are just like that. They are active, smart, strive to achieve their goals and influence the world around them.<br \/>\nThe book also contains riddles that the reader will solve in the course of the plot, many controversial points that make you think seriously.<br \/>\n&#8220;Atlas Shrugged&#8221; is a philosophical story that people should realize themselves, be someone, think, dream and achieve everything on their own.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>original presentation;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>unusual plot for the genre;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>the work will give food for thought.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>inconsistency, the book can either really like it, or not at all.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>This piece is not for everyone. It's not only about America and capitalism, it\u2019s about morality, ethics, honor, love and loyalty to our principles and beliefs. Incredible storyline, flawless heroes.<br \/>\nEndless praise to the wonderful author, I would read all of her works.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>The Hunger Games by Susan Collins<\/h3>\n<p>A modern dystopian novel, in which, after a global catastrophe in North America, the state of Panem appeared with a capital and 12 counties (districts). In them, 74 years before the events of the book, there was an unsuccessful uprising against the unjust government in the capital.<br \/>\nSince then, for the edification of each year, a cruel and dangerous competition has been arranged. Children from districts become its participants. For several days they try to survive and fight each other until there is only one left. The tournament is held live, a real show is made from it and all residents are forced to watch it.<br \/>\nThe main character of the novel becomes a participant in the Hunger Games. She tries to save herself and help her friend.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>the book keeps you in suspense;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>many events, dynamic narration;<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>easy to read.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>it's still a teenage romance, don't expect much from it.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>I love this book! She's infinitely interesting! The Hunger Games are not gloomy. The book talks about the right things: friendship, love for loved ones, courage, self-esteem, the choice between good and evil.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>&#8220;Disassembled&#8221; by Neil Shusterman<\/h3>\n<p>A world where abortion is prohibited. But you can make a child from 13 to 18 years old an organ donor if he causes a lot of inconvenience to the parents. Medicine here allows you to disassemble a person as a whole. It is believed that in this way he will benefit society, serve a good cause after death, since he cannot do this during his lifetime.<br \/>\nIn the center of the plot are three children with different destinies, who happened to be together.<br \/>\nThis is a bitter and beautiful story about struggle, friendship, love, a society that tries to justify murder and people who do everything to change the world.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>perfectly written characters;<\/li>\n<li>exciting plot;<\/li>\n<li>dynamic storytelling;<\/li>\n<li>the book is easy to read.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>From the first pages you start to worry about the characters and completely immerse yourself in the book, it is read in one breath. The heroes are gradually changing, growing and, most importantly, they really want to live.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h3>&#8220;When the Sleeper Wakes&#8221; by H.G. Wells<\/h3>\n<p>One of the first dystopias, written over 100 years ago.<br \/>\nThe protagonist of the story falls into a lethargic sleep in the 19th century and wakes up 200 years later. When he wakes up, he becomes the richest man on the planet, because all this time his bank account has been constantly increasing. He owns absolutely everything, he can now rule the world. But while the hero was asleep, the Bar Council ruled on his behalf, which even now is in no hurry to share power.<br \/>\nThere are few prophetic predictions in the book. In the world of the future Wells, there are no grandiose scientific discoveries, he did not go far ahead. The novel may seem naive to the modern reader. But Wells speaks very well of the fact that the opposition, having achieved power, becomes no better than those against whom it fought.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>interesting idea;<\/li>\n<li>the book is easy to read;<\/li>\n<li>one of the first books of the genre.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<blockquote>\n<p>A novel in which class inequality and the desire of the people to change the existing way of life are clearly traced. The future that the writer describes is not happy, and sometimes frightening.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h2>What is fanfiction in dystopia &#8211; just something even simpler<\/h2>\n<p>Fanfiction is amateur creativity: poems, stories, essays based on any work. It can be a novel, a TV show, an anime, a popular computer game, etc.<\/p>\n<p>Modern philologists distinguish fanfiction as a separate genre of mass literature. The term &#8220;Fan fiction&#8221; itself refers to jargon, it is a phonetic redrawing of the English phrase &#8220;fan fiction&#8221;, which literally means &#8220;literature from adherents.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>The competition announced by the Advego exchange can also be called a fanfiction competition. Today, there are a lot of authors who write sequels to famous novels or come up with sequels to popular films and games.<\/p>\n<h2>Notable dystopias<\/h2>\n<p>list of famous dystopias<\/p>\n<h3>Books<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Evgeny Zamyatin &#8211; &#8220;We&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Aldous Huxley &#8211; Brave New World<\/li>\n<li>George Orwell &#8211; 1984, Animal Farm<\/li>\n<li>Arthur Koestler &#8211; &#8220;Blinding Darkness&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Jerome Klapka Jerome &#8211; &#8220;The New Utopia&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Alexander Zinoviev &#8211; &#8220;The Global Humanist&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>H.G. Wells &#8211; When the Sleeper Wakes, Time Machine<\/li>\n<li>Jack London &#8211; &#8220;Iron Heel&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Stanislav Lem &#8211; &#8220;Return from the Stars&#8221; [source not specified 899 days]<\/li>\n<li>Pierre Boulle &#8211; &#8220;Planet of the Apes&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Ivan Efremov &#8211; &#8220;Hour of the Bull&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Anthony Burgess &#8211; A Clockwork Orange, The Lusting Seed<\/li>\n<li>Ray Bradbury &#8211; &#8220;451 degrees Fahrenheit&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Ayn Rand &#8211; Atlas Shrugged<\/li>\n<li>Andrey Platonov &#8211; &#8220;Chevengur&#8221;, &#8220;Pit&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>The Strugatsky brothers &#8211; &#8220;Inhabited Island&#8221;, &#8220;Predatory Things of the Century&#8221;, &#8220;Doomed City&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Vladimir Voinovich &#8211; &#8220;Moscow 2042&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Kurt Vonnegut &#8211; &#8220;Mechanical Piano, or Utopia 14&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Lao She &#8211; &#8220;Notes on the Cat City&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Alexander Smolensky &#8211; &#8220;Stronghold&#8221; Rublevka &#8220;<\/li>\n<li>Stephen King &#8211; &#8220;The Running Man&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Richard Bachman (Stephen King) &#8211; The Long Walk<\/li>\n<li>Kosyun Takami &#8211; &#8220;Battle Royale&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Susan Collins &#8211; The Hunger Games<\/li>\n<li>Vladimir Nabokov &#8211; &#8220;Under the Sign of the Illegitimate&#8221;, &#8220;Hell&#8221;, &#8220;Invitation to Execution&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Philip Dick &#8211; The Faith of Our Fathers, The Man Who Mocked<\/li>\n<li>Jack Vance &#8211; &#8220;Dodkin in Action&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Karel Czapek &#8211; &#8220;War with the Salamanders&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Tatiana Tolstaya &#8211; &#8220;Kys&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Margaret Atwood &#8211; The Handmaid's Tale<\/li>\n<li>Anna Starobinets &#8211; &#8220;Living&#8221;<\/li>\n<li>Anatole France &#8211; &#8220;Island of the Penguins&#8221; (L'\u00cele des Pingouins, 1908)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Films<\/h3>\n<p>Metropolis &#8211; directed by Fritz Lang (1927)<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Alphaville &#8211; directed by Jean-Luc Godard (1965)<\/li>\n<li>Fahrenheit 451 &#8211; directed by Fran\u00e7ois Truffaut (1966)<\/li>\n<li>THX 1138 &#8211; directed by George Lucas (1971)<\/li>\n<li>A Clockwork Orange &#8211; directed by Stanley Kubrick (1971)<\/li>\n<li>Soylent Green &#8211; directed by Richard Fleischer (1973)<\/li>\n<li>Logan's Run &#8211; directed by Michael Anderson (1976)<\/li>\n<li>Mad Max &#8211; directed by George Miller (1979)<\/li>\n<li>Blade Runner &#8211; directed by Ridley Scott (1982)<\/li>\n<li>1984 &#8211; Nineteen Eighty-Four &#8211; directed by Michael Radford (1984)<\/li>\n<li>The New Amazons (Polish Seksmisja) &#8211; directed by Juliusz Machulski (1984)<\/li>\n<li>Brazil &#8211; directed by Terry Gilliam (1985)<\/li>\n<li>Dead Man's Letters &#8211; directed by Konstantin Lopushansky (1986)<\/li>\n<li>The Running Man (1987)<\/li>\n<li>They Live &#8211; directed by John Carpenter (1988)<\/li>\n<li>Escape from New-York &#8211; director John Carpenter (1981)<\/li>\n<li>To Kill the Dragon &#8211; directed by Mark Zakharov. Mosfilm.<\/li>\n<li>Escape from LA &#8211; director John Carpenter (1996)<\/li>\n<li>Fortress &#8211; directed by Stuart Gordon (1992)<\/li>\n<li>Demolition Man &#8211; directed by Marco Brambilla (1993)<\/li>\n<li>Harrison Bergeron (1994)<\/li>\n<li>Judge Dredd &#8211; directed by Danny Cannon (1995)<\/li>\n<li>The City of Lost Children &#8211; Director Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Marc Caro (1995)<\/li>\n<li>Kin-Dza-Dza! (1986) &#8211; directed by Georgy Danelia<\/li>\n<li>12 Monkeys &#8211; directed by Terry Gilliam (1995)<\/li>\n<li>Strange Days &#8211; Director Katherine Bigelow (1995)<\/li>\n<li>Screamers &#8211; directed by Christian Dugay (1995)<\/li>\n<li>Gattaca &#8211; directed by Andrew Nikkol (1997)<\/li>\n<li>Dark City &#8211; directed by Alex Proyas (1998)<\/li>\n<li>Pleasantville &#8211; directed by Gary Ross (1998)<\/li>\n<li>Brave new world &#8211; directors Leslie Libman, Larry Williams (1998).<\/li>\n<li>The Truman Show &#8211; Director Weir, Peter (1998)<\/li>\n<li>The Matrix &#8211; directed by Andy and Larry Wachowski (1999)<\/li>\n<li>Battle Royale &#8211; directed by Kinji Fukasaku (2000)<\/li>\n<li>Artificial Intelligence &#8211; directed by Steven Spielberg (2001)<\/li>\n<li>Equilibrium &#8211; directed by Kurt Wimmer (2002)<\/li>\n<li>Minority Report &#8211; directed by Steven Spielberg based on the story of the same name by Philip K. Dick (2002)<\/li>\n<li>The Matrix Reloaded &#8211; directed by Andy &#038; Larry Wachowski (2003)<\/li>\n<li>Code 46 &#8211; directed by Michael Winterbottom (2003)<\/li>\n<li>The Matrix Revolutions &#8211; directed by Andy and Larry Wachowski (2003)<\/li>\n<li>The Final Cut &#8211; directed by Omar Naim (2004)<\/li>\n<li>The Village &#8211; directed by Night Shyamalan (2004)<\/li>\n<li>FAQ: Frequently Asked Questions &#8211; directed by Carlos Atanes (2004)<\/li>\n<li>The Island &#8211; directed by Michael Bay (2005)<\/li>\n<li>AEon Flux &#8211; directed by Karin Kusama (2005)<\/li>\n<li>V for Vendetta &#8211; directed by James McTig (2006)<\/li>\n<li>Children of Men &#8211; directed by Alfonso Cuar\u00f3n (2006)<\/li>\n<li>Idiocracy &#8211; directed by Mike Judge (2006)<\/li>\n<li>Novaya Zemlya &#8211; director Alexander Melnik (2008)<\/li>\n<li>City of Amber: The Escape &#8211; directed by Gil Keenan (2008)<\/li>\n<li>Franklin &#8211; directed by Gerald McMorrow (2008)<\/li>\n<li>Ripo! The Genetic Opera &#8211; directed by Darren Lynn Bausman (2008)<\/li>\n<li>Metropia &#8211; directed by Tariq Saleh (2009)<\/li>\n<li>2081 &#8211; directed by Chandler Tuttle (2009)<\/li>\n<li>The Road &#8211; directed by John Hillcoat (2009)<\/li>\n<li>The Book of Eli &#8211; directed by Albert Hughes, Alan Hughes (2009)<\/li>\n<li>Inhabited Island &#8211; director Fyodor Bondarchuk (2009)<\/li>\n<li>The Rippers &#8211; directed by Miguel Sapochnik (2010)<\/li>\n<li>Don't Let Me Go &#8211; directed by Mark Romanek (2010)<\/li>\n<li>Reality Changes &#8211; Director George Nolfi (2011)<\/li>\n<li>Shepherd &#8211; directed by Scott Stewart (2011)<\/li>\n<li>Time &#8211; directed by Andrew Nikkol (2011)<\/li>\n<li>Shotgun Bum &#8211; directed by Jason Eisener (2011)<\/li>\n<li>The Hunger Games &#8211; directed by Gary Ross (2012)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Computer games<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>System Shock<\/li>\n<li>Doom 3<\/li>\n<li>Dishonored (2012)<\/li>\n<li>Alternative: Nothing to Lose (2011)<\/li>\n<li>Innate Guilt (2007)<\/li>\n<li>Half-Life 2 (2004)<\/li>\n<li>Half-Life 2: Episode One (2006)<\/li>\n<li>Half-Life 2: Episode Two (2007)<\/li>\n<li>Final Fantasy VII (1997)<\/li>\n<li>The Longest Journey \u0438 Dreamfall: The Longest Journey<\/li>\n<li>Beyond Good and Evil<\/li>\n<li>Deus Ex series<\/li>\n<li>Devastation<\/li>\n<li>Meat puppet<\/li>\n<li>The Moment of Silence<\/li>\n<li>X-COM: Apocalypse<\/li>\n<li>Rule of law<\/li>\n<li>Access code: PARADISE<\/li>\n<li>Timeshift<\/li>\n<li>A series of games about Tex Murphy<\/li>\n<li>Dystopia<\/li>\n<li>Soldiers of Anarchy<\/li>\n<li>Command &#038; Conquer: Red Alert and its sequels.<\/li>\n<li>SimCity Societies strategy has the ability to build a dystopia<\/li>\n<li>Bioshock (2007)<\/li>\n<li>Bioshock 2 (2010)<\/li>\n<li>Fallout series<\/li>\n<li>The Fall: Last Days of Gaia<\/li>\n<li>Mirror\u2019s Edge<\/li>\n<li>Mor. Utopia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Animated films<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Metropolis<\/li>\n<li>Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children<\/li>\n<li>Akira<\/li>\n<li>Battle Angel (Gunnm)<\/li>\n<li>Cowboy Bebop<\/li>\n<li>Jin Roh<\/li>\n<li>Wonderful Days<\/li>\n<li>Ergo Proxy<\/li>\n<li>Darkside Blues<\/li>\n<li>Texhnolyze<\/li>\n<li>Animatrix<\/li>\n<li>Ghost in armor<\/li>\n<li>Ai no Kusabi<\/li>\n<li>Appleseed<\/li>\n<li>No. 6<\/li>\n<li>A loss<\/li>\n<li>Nine<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sources and useful links on the topic: <a href=\"https:\/\/zen.yandex.ru\/media\/id\/5d4f6d0178125e00add82831\/utopiia-ili-antiutopiia-a-vy-mojete-razlichit-5d66acec1d656a00adeabf3a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"external external_icon\">https:\/\/zen.yandex.ru\/media\/id\/5d4f6d0178125e00add82831\/utopiia-ili-antiutopiia-a-vy-mojete-razlichit-5d66acec1d656a00adeabf3a<\/a> <a href=\"http:\/\/chtooznachaet.ru\/utopiya-i-antiutopiya.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"external external_icon\">http:\/\/ChtoOznachaet.ru\/utopiya -antiutopiya.html<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/zen.yandex.com\/media\/id\/5d1a73538f0b3300ad5ad6f5\/chto-takoe-antiutopiia-zachem-i-kak-chitat-knigi-v-etom-janre-5d94829e5eb26800ad8e5768\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"external external_icon\">https:\/\/zen.yandex.com\/media\/id\/5d1a73538f0b3300ad5ad6f5\/chto-takoe-antiutopiia-zachem-i-kak-chitat-knigi-v-etom-janre-5d94829e5eb26800ad8e5768<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/moiyspex.ru\/vse-o-tekstakh\/chto-takoe-antiutopiya.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"external external_icon\">https:\/\/moiyspex.ru \/vse-o-tekstakh\/chto-takoe-antiutopiya.html<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/litrekon.ru\/podgotovka\/k-ege\/chto-takoe-antiutopiya-istoriya-priznaki-primery-prostymi-slovami\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"external external_icon\">https:\/\/litrekon.ru\/podgotovka\/k-ege\/chto-takoe-antiutopiya-istoriya-priznaki-primery-prostymi-slovami\/<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/literaguru.ru\/zhanr-antiutopiya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"external external_icon\">https: \/\/ LiteraGuru. ru \/ zhanr-antiutopiya \/<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/vseobzorko.ru\/10-luchshih-knig-v-zhanre-antiutopiya\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"external external_icon\">https:\/\/VseObzorko.ru\/10-luchshih-knig-v-zhanre-antiutopiya\/<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/dic.academic.ru\/dic.nsf\/ruwiki\/13124\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" class=\"external external_icon\">https:\/\/dic.academic.ru\/dic.nsf\/ruwiki\/13124<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"PostUnique_PostSource\" style=\"padding-top: 50px\">Post source:  <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener nofollow\" href=\"\/\/lastici.ru\" class=\"external external_icon\">lastici.ru<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>History of origin, definition, varieties, features, signs, themes, style, main features of dystopia. Examples of novels: satirical, political, Russian, popular, youth, scientific, etc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":374214,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_wp_rev_ctl_limit":""},"categories":[251,405],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-316656","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-miscellaneous","category-rest"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316656","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=316656"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/316656\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/374214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=316656"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=316656"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/inform.com.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=316656"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}